AUTHORS M - N
Have a look at the UNIGOU Publications developed by students participating in the INCBAC academic programs:
Characterization of Stabilized Soil With KR Slag Through Determining the Stabilization Process
Madeira Bueno, Isabella
Abstract:
Due to the scarcity of natural resources that meet the minimum criteria for paving, new economical and sustainable alternatives are sought in the sector. As a result, the usage of byproducts such as steel slags has increased considerably during the last few years. These materials can be used for soil stabilization; a process that presents itself either in mechanical or chemical processes. Recent works have shown that the steel slag originated from the Kambara reactor (KR slag), a byproduct for paving applications used to improve the soil characteristics, and is showing promising results. Given the possibility of using KR slag in many paving solutions, this research paper aims at presenting and analyzing the behavior of a stabilized soil with KR slag based on the results obtained so far. The most recent work in the field showed that the slag improves the resilient modulus of the natural soil studied, although the resulting mixture still shows a granular behavior with low rigidity, classifying it as a mechanically stabilized material.
Keywords:
Paving, KR slag, Soil stabilization, Resilient modulus.
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Reassessing Russian Cyberwarfare and Information Warfare (2007-2022)
Malta Purim, Andreis Gustavo
Abstract:
Different from western military doctrine, the Russian concept of cyberwarfare is intrinsically related to Information Warfare. Instead of cyber operations being a complement to kinetic operations, such as disrupting enemy infrastructure, Russia defines them as a subset of information warfare, and thus, as a soft power non-kinetic way to influence other countries. This has caused western analysts to misinterpret the objective and successes of past Russian solely on tactical gains. This paper aims to explain the concept of cyber warfare from the Russian perspective, its evolutions from 2007 until 2022, and what are the perspectives for the future of cyberwarfare.
Keywords:
Cybersecurity, Cyberwarfare, Cyber Attack, Information Warfare, Ukraine, Russia.
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Systematic Reviews in Nutrition Using Artificial Intelligence Tools: A Brief Review
Marques Nunes Galbes, Nadine
Abstract:
Systematic literature reviews are a rigorous, transparent and reliable method for different science fields, including Nutrition. However, in face of the age of big data, developing rigorous systematic reviews can become more and more challenging for researchers. To address these issue, artificial inteligence (AI) tools have been proposed and incorporated into scientific research. Thus, the objective of this study is to conduct a literature review on the use AI tools in systematic reviews developed in the field of Nutrition. The search in the 3 databases retrieved a total of 45 studies, refined into 4 publications dated from 2015 to 2021, all from global North. The AI tools applied showed some variety, although the use of text mining, usually associated with other techniques and processes, was remarkable. The research questions also showed some homogeneity, wih the central theme being the relationships between dietary aspects and the etiology of diseases. Its good coverage of documents available on-line, the fact that these tools represent a somewhat different unit of the field and enrich the experts’ conceptualization, as well as the outstanding feature of benefiting from transdisciplinary work are pointed out by the authors of the reviewed studies as advantages of AI tools. This brief review has shown that, although there is high potential and benefits for the use of AI tools in systematic reviews in the field of Nutrition, its realization is still quite incipient.
Keywords:
Systematic reviews, Nutrition Science, artificial intelligence.
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Human Rights in the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea
Martins Anawate, Felipe
Abstract:
This paper has the objective to analyse the presence of Human Rights issues in the cases of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea. The adopted methodology was the case law analysis, through the search of keywords related to Human Rights in the document search engine of the tribunal. In the 6 cases and 16 separate opinions which had a substantial presence of Human Rights issues were mainly connected with the protection of due process of law in the context of imprisonment of crew and seizure of vessels within the obligation of prompt release enshrined in the United Nations Convention on the law of the sea. Furthermore, several cases of the International Court of Justice were used as a basis for the judgments on the matter of Human Rights. Specifically, even some of the judges recognize that the tribunal established an important long-standing tradition on the considerations of humanity, however, there is a need for further development and deeper approach on the protection of human rights at sea and other important circumstances such as the protection of individual liberties and the jurisdictional issues.
Keywords:
Human Rights, International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS), Considerations of Humanity, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR).
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Averaged Space-State Modeling and Simulation of a DC-DC Sepic-Zeta Converter
Martins Damasceno, Klaus Malone
Abstract:
The transfer function describing a power converter is a fundamental tool throughout the design and control of converters in closed loop, as seen in the voltage and average current control techniques. Therefore, this paper aims at presenting the small signal averaged space-state modeling of a DC-DC SEPIC-Zeta converter in continuous conduction mode. The resulting model can provide responses on par with precise computer simulations, making it possible to be used for designing controllers. A mathematical analysis is shown, upon which it is possible to obtain simulation results that validate the theoretical assumptions.
Keywords:
Integrated converters, Control systems, non-isolated DC-DC converters.
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The Use of Amalgam Electrodes for Monitoring of Organic Compounds
Martins Marques Filho, Fábio
Abstract:
This article provides an overview of the use of various types of amalgam electrodes for monitoring of organic compound described in papers published since 2011. Amalgam electrodes are a popular alternative to toxic liquid mercury electrodes in electroanalytical chemistry. These electrodes are made by forming an amalgam between metal and liquid mercury, and offer advantages such as a wide range of potential windows, low background currents, and high sensitivity. This article discusses the different types of amalgam electrodes, including metal solid amalgam electrodes, paste amalgam electrodes, and modifications of amalgam electrodes. The focus is on the use of these electrodes for the determination of organic compounds, which has various applications in environmental monitoring, pharmaceutical analysis, food and beverage analysis, and biomedical research. The studies demonstrated that Metal solid amalgam electrodes (MeSAEs) are promising alternatives to the hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE) for electrochemical measurements.
Keywords:
Voltammetry, electroanalysis, amalgam electrodes, silver amalgam, organic compounds.
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The Representation of the Jewish Culture in Amsterdam in the oeuvre of Rembrandt
Martins Veras, Luiza
Abstract:
Amid the furor caused by the effects of the Protestant Reform and the Counter-Reform, Amsterdam in the Modern Period, driven by economic progress and its conditions of freedom for the population made possible by the accumulation of wealth, will enable the arrival of several Portuguese Jews who were persecuted by the Inquisition. These Jews were mostly merchants and had a lot of relevance in overseas negotiations, that is, they collaborated for the progress of the nation they lived in, but even so, they suffered from anti-Semitic persecution, at a time of centralization of powers in the Iberian Peninsula, the that will provoke a huge diaspora of these Sephardic Jews all over the world. In Amsterdam, they will find conditions to live under a certain religious tolerance, due to their Calvinist thinking, thus benefiting not only religiously, but also economically, as they could carry out their activities without restrictions. The important Dutch painter Rembrandt lived in the same neighborhood as the Jews in that city, Breedrestraat, which allowed him to have a unique view of them, being so close to their daily lives, many of them being his customers. He portrayed them without the prejudice characteristic of the time, faithfully portraying Jewish symbology.
Keywords:
Rembrandt, Amsterdam, Inquisition, Portuguese Jews, Religious Tolerance.
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The Influence of Front-of-Pack Nutritional Labeling and Its Limitations on the Food Choices Process of Parents and Children
Mattos Carreiro Monnerat, Caroline
Abstract:
The prevalence of childhood obesity has increased in recent decades and has become a serious public health problem, as overweight and obesity are major risk factors for non-communicable chronic diseases. One of the main causes for this scenario is unhealthy diets with high consumption of foods rich in critical nutrients for health. In order to assist consumers in making healthier food choices, many countries have implemented Front-of-Pack Nutritional Labeling (FOPL), which provides easily understandable graphical information about the nutritional quality of the product. Few studies have assessed the effect of FOPL on the food choices of parents and children. The objective of this study was to conduct a literature review to evaluate the research conducted so far on the influence of FOPL on the purchasing process of parents and children. The results reveal a greater complexity than anticipated with the implementation of FOPL, as warnings had limited impact on parents and children when other associated factors were present.
Keywords:
Front-of-pack, childhood, children, parents, behavior, nutrition, nutrition labeling.
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Video Games, Reward System and Addictive Behavior: A Critical Review
Matutino Santos, Petala
Abstract:
Online games have become increasingly popular worldwide, with more than a third of the world’s population being gamers, and this number is expected to continue growing. The effects of electronic gaming have been studied for many years, but there is currently greater interest in this market due to the influence of video games on the brain and their potential alterations. Cognition can be affected by video games, including attentional abilities, working memory, and perception. Understanding these effects is important, as video games can be used as a therapeutic approach. However, there is a growing concern about the impact of video gameplay on the mesolimbic pathway, also known as the reward system, which is a dopaminergic pathway that mediates the processing of rewards and the brain’s association of different stimuli with a positive or desirable outcome. Brain imaging studies are crucial when investigating morphological changes in the brain. Several studies have used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine the effects of video games. Changes in gray matter, cerebral blood flow and ventral striatum are the major findings addressed in fMRI studies, and interestingly these changes are related to the reward system. It is important to understand how video games affect the reward system and how they can be used as a therapeutic approach. Understanding these effects is crucial, especially in relation to possible online and pathological gaming addictions, and may help develop strategies to prevent and treat these disorders.
Keywords:
Video games, online gaming, reward system, dopamine transmission, neuroscience, addiction, substance use, drug abuse.
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Joinpoint Regression Analysis of Pertussis Cases in Brazil from 2007 to 2018
Maurer Costa, Beatriz
Abstract:
Pertussis is a respiratory infection caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis. Which the introduction of pertussis vaccines in the 1990s in Brazil, there was a clear reduction in the incidence rate, from 10.6/100 thousand inhabitants to 0.32/100 thousand inhabitants in 2010. However, surveillance was intensified with the increase in cases between 2011 and 2014. The database of the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) was used to analyse the pertussis historical series between the years 2007 and 2018 in Brazil. The study included all confirmed cases and investigated the incidence rate per 100,000 inhabitants in relation to gender, age, and region variables. The joinpoint regression was used for trend analysis. The annual percentage change (APC) and the average annual percentage change (AAPC) was calculated. The significance level used was 5%. During the period from 2007 to 2018, 36075 cases of whooping cough were recorded in Brazil, 60.9% of which were in babies under 1 year of age Individuals between 5 and 14 years old also showed an increase in the rate, although much smaller when compared to younger children. From the age of 15, there was no increase in the incidence of pertussis over the analysed period. The female gender corresponded to 55.3% of the cases We observe an increase in the incidence rate of pertussis from the year 2011 in both genders. As of 2014, there is a drop in the rate. The most affected regions were the Southeast (42%), the Northeast (24%) and the South (20%). The Midwest (7%) and North (7%) regions were the least affected. There was a period of growth in the number of cases in Brazil between 2007 (0.46 cases/100,000 inhab) and 2014 (4.19 cases/100,000 inhab), with an APC of 34.4 (CI95% = (4.8; 72.4)), followed by a stationary period. This behaviour was also observed in the Northeast and Southeast regions. As for age, the rise and fall behaviour was also observed in the range from 0 to 5 years, 5 to 9 years and in adults, and the change in the rate was observed first in 2013 with children under 5 years of age and in 2014 at other ages. In the age groups of 10 to 14 years, 15 to 19 years, and elderly there is a progressive increase in APC of 16.9(CI95% = (-0.8;37.8)), 13.1 CI95% = (-7.5;38.3)) and 10.6(CI95% = (2.1;19.8)), respectively. The present study concludes that the period from 2007 to 2014 was marked by the increase in the number of pertussis cases in Brazil, including in the Southeast and Northeast regions. Such behaviour was also observed in the variables sex and age.
Keywords:
Pertussis, Brazil, Jointpoint regression, Time seriesJoinpoint
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Review of Corrosion and Soldering for High Pressure Die Casting
Mayer, Andre Renan
Abstract:
High pressure die casting (HPDC) is a fast-paced manufacturing process that allows the production of high-quality parts. Besides the quality, the cast shows good dimensional precision and a small dependency on post-processing. Many automotive companies are migrating to this process to manufacture high complexity geometry components and avoid assembling several smaller parts. By doing it, these companies are reducing the total weight of the vehicle and, as a consequence, making their products greener. Notwithstanding, the production cost is still a challenge for the broad implementation of this technique. Many are the problems that raise the costs regarding HPDC. One of the price components is die maintenance. These dies are exposed to several kinds of wear, and as the surface is worn the cast quality decreases. This review aims to show the HPDC technology and corrosion/soldering wear.
Keywords:
High Pressure Die Casting, Wear, Die Soldering, Corrosion.
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The Effectiveness of Democratic Conditionality in Mercosur and the European Union
Medeiros Barbieri dos Santos, Mariana
Abstract:
The present article analyzes the effectiveness of democratic conditionality in Mercosur and the European Union. All regional integration organizations need their member states to have political and economic stability in order to function properly. Democratic regimes usually guarantee such stability, leading the European Union and Mercosur to adopt measures to safeguard democracy. By drawing comparisons between the organizations’ democratic criteria, the article evaluates how their differences affect the protection of democracy within member states. Factors like historical process, level of integration, and economic and political attributes influence the outcomes of democratic conditionality. Therefore, the article considers the origins and characteristics of both organizations, their democratic conditionality rules, and the application of such rules. The research was conducted via inductive reasoning and the study of legal documents and doctrine. Results indicate that the European Union and Mercosur have vague standards about preserving democracy, which would need to be further specified. Thus, that lack of definition has caused the European Union to make irregular choices on accession procedures. Equally, it has allowed the governments of Mercosur countries to interpret the political criteria according to their domestic interests. However, because of its greater political integration, the European Union would require a more robust model of democratic conditionality than Mercosur.
Keywords:
Mercosur. European Union. Democracy.
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Phytoremediation of Contaminated Areas By Organochlorines: A Review
Medeiros de Camargo, Ana Carolina
Abstract:
All over the planet, there are many contaminated areas, which has become a highly significant environmental problem due to the toxic effects produced, affecting the entire ecosystem and the surrounding life, including human beings. One of the forms of contamination found is by organochlorines, which comprise among others the Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), compounds that represent a great threat due to their lipophilic character, causing the phenomena of bioaccumulation and biomagnification. Phytoremediation, which involves the use of plants to remove pollutants from the soil, emerges as a very promising technique because plants can absorb and metabolize these toxic compounds, transforming them into less harmful or even inert forms. To better understand how phytoremediation can be applied in the remediation of organochlorines, a literature review was conducted, evaluating the application methods, advantages, disadvantages, and associated costs, as well as the main species recommended for chemical groups such as hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Based on these data, it has been found that phytoremediation is ideal for the remediation of organochlorine compounds, being relatively inexpensive and non-invasive, which does not cause damage to soil and does not require large amounts of energy. Through it, it is possible to plan and implement more effective and tailored strategies for specific contaminated areas. It is hoped that this study will provide valuable information for researchers and professionals working in the field of environmental remediation, encouraging production of new studies on the subject, especially regarding the search for native species, and for the public in general, increasing awareness about the importance of protecting the environment.
Keywords:
Contamination, phytoremediation, pesticides, organochlorines, remediation.
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Trophic activity of Sea Anemones (Cnidaria; Actiniaria)
Melo Molina, Júlia
Abstract:
The trophic performance of Cnidaria species is an issue for several approaches, especially in species of the Medusozoa clade. However, the variation of eating habits in different regions and their subsequent characterization in food chains are practically non-existent. Due to the scarcity of studies focusing on the feeding behaviour of anthozoans, mainly of tropical species, the dietary and behavioral characteristics of the trophic ecology of the group, which are fundamental for their development, reproduction and survival, are poorly understood. In this study, therefore, research on the feeding behavior in Anthozoa was analyzed in order to gather important background information on the ecology and trophic performance of the group. This research is also based on an ongoing undergraduate project that focuses on comparing the trophic activity of four species of sea anemones using morphological and DNA analyses, which may help fill gaps that need clarification.
Keywords:
Trophic ecology, anthozoans, feeding behaviour.
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Spring Design for a Vehicle Suspension
Melo Paula, Lucas Matheus
Abstract:
Springs carry out an important role in structures, machines, engines and vehicles, the vehicle suspension is modelled like a mass spring damper system it is fundamental in vehicle projects because the suspension is responsible to absorb the hits of the contact with the ground, so a spring at the suspension is so important for stability and comfort to the driver. The spring used in a car’s suspension is of kind helical compression because it absorbs energy when it is compressed or extended. Due to a lot of application of springs, there are tables with many materials, where each material is indicated impact loads, fatigue loads, static loads and high temperature, for example, the spring design needs the correct material, otherwise, the spring will fail, besides is necessary to access tables to get standard value, because is cheaper to use standard values of parameters, otherwise is necessary to manufacture an unique part for the design. Is necessary to define spring index, Wahl factor (Kw), and transverse shear factor (Ks), these parameters are essential to design a spring and were used an iterative process to get the wire diameter of the spring. Therefore, is necessary to consult tables to choose the correct material and to choose the correct standard wire diameter, besides is necessary to use an iterative method to get the wire diameter.
Keywords:
Spring stability, dynamic load, helical compression spring, stiffness, iterative method.
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Bacteria and Fungi in Pesticide Degradation: A Review
Mesas Caldeira, Giovana
Abstract:
After the Second World War, the use of pesticides, substances used to combat pests that attack agricultural crops, became increasingly used because they helped increase productivity over the years. However, their intense use turned out to be dangerous and offensive, both to the environment and to mankind. In an attempt to put an end to areas that have been used pesticides in larger quantities than indicated, studies tend to the use of decomposing agents, such as bacteria and fungi, which have the enzymatic capacity of remediation, helping to remove or detoxify some pesticides. Among bacteria, the major bacterial genera include: Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium, Moraxalla, Acinetobacter, Arthrobacter, Paracoccus, Aerobacter, Alkaligens, Burkholderia and Sphingomonas. Fungi include the genera Fusarium, Aspergilus niger, Penicillium, Lentinulaedodes, Lecanicillium and Oxysporum. Along with this, we can use the bioremediation in flooded crops that contributes effectively so that this production system does not contaminate soil and water resources. The studies on the use of microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi and acidiomicrtos have been developed since the last century and currently has already been established the bioremediation of intoxicated areas with efficient pesticides and efficient molecules, such as: pesticides 2,4-D, parathion, carbofuran, phenol, benzene, toluene, xylene and others.
Keywords:
Pesticides, bacterial, fungi, biodegradation, bioremediation.
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Understanding Yemen’s Crisis: A Perspective from the Interdependence and Neoliberal Institutionalism Theories
Michels Langer, Gustavo
Abstract:
This study focuses on understanding Yemen’s crisis under two well-known liberal theories in the International Relations field: Interdependence and Neoliberal Institutionalism. The research aims to explain and analyze the country’s delicate situation relying on the work of Joseph Nye and Robert Keohane, formulated during the 1970s when the International System needed an alternative to Realism. Both points of view will be demonstrated and discussed, in this case, the ideas that best relate to each event will be explained before, using the author’s opinion and the critical knowledge developed during the academic background and when this paper was being written. This matter was chosen due to its importance, considering that this is the worst humanitarian crisis in the world, according to The United Nations. Besides, the many actors involved in the conflict (which are not only States), make this a challenging study since it’s more related to neoliberal theories, collaborating to the aim of the research.
Keywords:
Yemen Crisis, Yemen Humanitarian Conflict, Middle East, International Relations Theory, Interdependence, Neoliberal Institutionalism.
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The advantages and Obstacles of Implementing an Ultrasound Curriculum in Medical Schools: A Brazilian Perspective
Monmany Jobim, Fernanda
Abstract:
Ultrasound is a safe and portable tool that allows physicians to visualize anatomical structures and diagnose pathologies. Its use has expanded to multiple medical specialties, and even non-radiologist physicians are increasingly employing it for diagnosis and guidance. These data demonstrate the importance, for physicians, of learning how to handle and understand the equipment, thus making the teaching of ultrasound essential in medical schools. This paper aims to review the literature for evidence of the importance of an ultrasonography curriculum in medical schools, how medical students are learning ultrasound and POCUS worldwide and how it can be applied in medical schools in Brazil. It was found that echography is becoming an essential part of medical education, especially in developed countries, as it is qualified equipment for accurate diagnoses and monitoring of various diseases and health conditions. The lack of a standardized ultrasound training program in Brazilian medical schools is noted, and this review demonstrates potential methods for implementing such a program. Examples of successful ultrasound curricula in other countries are presented, including peer mentoring and online training. The benefits of integrating ultrasound into medical school curricula are highlighted, including improved diagnosis and therapeutic guidance, as well as enhanced learning opportunities for medical students.
Keywords:
Ultrasound, medical students, medical schools.
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An Introduction to the Acquisition of a Second Language for Young Learners
Monteiro dos Santos, Natalie Regina
Abstract:
This paper is an introduction to the acquisition of a second language for young learners. The main focus is to answer some questions and concerns about the topic raised among teachers and families, through my pedagogical practice. This paper comes out through bibliographic review. The attempt is to have the first approximations, focusing on the general understanding of this wide area, passing through the main aspects that may affect without any claim to covering this issue exhaustively, but rather describing first assimilation and founds. Two of the most remarkable authors of the topic are brought and, as they have different perspectives, this paralleling offers a counterpoint. Skinner discusses behavior aspects, and Chomsky adds the learning dynamics. Next, recent studies which corroborate Chomsky assumptions about predisposition for the human brain to be able to recognize patterns of language, also debating topics just as: what language is and what is the importance for human beings; practical issues of effectiveness of bilingualism and multilingualism, such as exposure time; difference between acquiring a language as an infant or adult; tools for the teachers to rethink the current practices; the importance of the interaction, and context; macro aspects, such as politics and history.
Keywords:
Second language acquisition, young learners.
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A Historical Perspective on Migrations in Latin America and the Caribbean
Moraes Cabral, Júlia
Abstract:
This article aims to offer a brief analysis of the historical events surrounding the migratory process in Latin America and the Caribbean, from the arrival of Europeans in the 15th century to today’s scenery, highlighting the problem of selectivity regarding the profile of the desirable and the undesirable immigrant. It is argued that there is a continuity of coloniality as a framework for differentiating immigrants based on race and for establishing anti-migratory policies to this day.
Keywords:
Migrations. Latin America. Caribbean.
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Legal Framework on Protected Areas and Land Use Change in Brazil
Moreira Costa, Júlia
Abstract:
This paper reviews pertinent literature about international and domestic environmental law regarding especially protected areas, land use, and land-use change in Brazil. It also identifies and analyzes Brazil’s main legislation on Protected Areas and legal land clearing possibilities, particularly in Legal Amazon. The National System of Conservation Units (SNUC – Law No. 9.985/2000) and the Forest Code (Law 12.651/2012) are studied in relation to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), the Paris Agreement’s goals and the country’s Nationally Determined Contributions (2016 NDC). We look into the historical process of Legal Amazon occupation and the current state of protection, describing more than12 (twelve) types of protected areas ownership regime, main purpose (conservation, sustainable use, land-use change restrictions in private lands), and possible activities. Complexities, instruments, and fragility of Brazil’s main environmental laws are gathered and described, emphasizing the country’s legal strengths to comply with international laws and global objectives to face the climate crisis.
Keywords:
Legal Amazon, Protected Areas, Brazilian Forest Code, Land Use, Land Use Change.
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Review on Mycotoxins in Spices from the Brazilian Market in the Light of the Last Ten Years
Moreto Guaitolini, Yasmin
Abstract:
The consumption of spices in Brazil is common and even a cultural habit. Due to the subtropical climate of the country and the lack of adequate sanitary measures in the production chain, the risk of spice contamination by toxigenic microfungi is increased. The presence of mycotoxins in food is of concern because even in small amounts, they can trigger acute and chronic diseases. This review summarizes data from 20 references, including papers and academic thesis, concerning the presence of mycotoxins and microfungi in spices commonly consumed in Brazil in the last 10 years. A total of 16 spices, 6 mycotoxins, and 28 classifications of mycotoxin producers are reported, and most of the microfungi found belong to the Aspergillus genus. The Penicillium genus also appears in a great number of references. The most found mycotoxins are Aflatoxins (AFs) and Ochratoxin A (OTA). The difference in the number of references which presented contamination above and below the limits established by the Brazilian legislation was small, indicating that the contamination of spices could represent a food safety issue in Brazil.
Keywords:
Aflatoxins, ochratoxins, microfungi, Brazil, spices, contamination.
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Evaluation of the Effects of Limonene in a Animal Model of Mania
Mori Santos, Emilly Hanay
Abstract:
Background: Patients with Bipolar Disorder (BD) present alternating episodes of depression, mania / hypomania and eutymia. In previous researchs, limonene showed anxiolytic effects and was able to reduce the hyperstimulation and dopaminergic neurotramission induced by psychostimulants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of limonene administration on locomotion and exploration behavior in mice treated with methylphenidate (used for inducing mania in an animal model) using the Behavioral Pattern Monitor (MPC). Methods: Male Swiss mice (n = 75) were split in eight experimental groups. Firstly, saline, limonene or lithium were administered. Then, each mouse received saline or methylphenidate. After drug administration, locomotor and exploratory activity was observed. Data was analyzed by ANOVA followed by Duncan post-hoc test. Values p≤0.05 were considered significant. Results: Methylphenidate increased locomotory activity of the animals. The limonene-treated group didn´t show statistically significant results. Significant increase of the exploration wasn´t found in animals treated with methylphenidate compared to control group. A significant reduction of the holepokes and climbing was seen in lithium and limonene treated animals. Limitations: Video analysis were not done blindly. Conclusions: Limonene administration didn´t reduce methylphenidate-induced hyperlocomotion. Regarding exploratory activity, a significant reduction was observed in the limonene-treated group (200 mg / kg). However, administration of methylphenidate wasn´t able to the increase the exploratory activity, limiting the validity of the results. Thus, further studies are necessary to evaluate the effect of limonene on exploratory behavior in animal models of mania.
Keywords:
Bipolar Disorder, Behavioral Pattern Monitor, Methylphenidate, Limonene.
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The Preponderance of Lithium-Ion Batteries for Energy Storage Systems: A Brief Review
Mota Gomes, Mariana
Abstract:
In view of the growing energy demand, energy storage systems are indispensable in most of the instances that compose and guide society. In this regard, lithium-ion batteries are one of the most significant forms to supply the energy demand of many applications that depend on the delivery of constant power over prolonged periods. They are a great alternative for small to large-scale applications. It is cognizable that they are electrochemical devices with high energy density and specific energy, and countless advantages for this purpose. Therefore, this paper is a brief literature review with the purpose of discussing and describing the prominence of these batteries in the context of energy storage. To this end, it is outlined from the introductory comments, a brief historical contextualization of the technology of lithium-ion battery, citing the discoveries that led to its recognition in the 2019 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, followed by a basic and general overview of its operating principle, moving on to a mention of its applications in everyday life, and finally addresses a preliminary perspective about what exists in the literature about the future of this technology, such as the so-called post-lithium-ion batteries, and its potential scientific and technological enhancement. From this, the conclusion of the literature review is elaborated given the constructed overview.
Keywords:
Lithium-ion batteries, energy storage systems, electrochemical devices.
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Organizing Discord: Survey on Online Spatiality, Identity, and Memory in the Platform
Musketo Gil, Gabriel
Abstract:
Even with COVID-19 rendering humanity largely unable to relate in the simplest form of face-to-face meetings, an alternative was found in the virtual world, where one could be simultaneously isolated from disease while being connected with people through the Internet. However, this solution has been worrisome as it could play part in accelerating issues related to Modernity, such as uprooting and creating a lack of touch with physical reality. This scenario, which is expected to be further pushed on by the emergence of metaverses and the risk of new pandemics, has created fertile soil for new forms of existing which are more fluid. How do people feel about that and how do they perceive themselves in this process? In order to shed light on this question, a survey was organized and issued on Discord’s servers, which are “places” of text and voice chatting that have significantly grown during the presented context. Although with sample restrictions, such a survey consisted of close-ended answers and provided the picture that virtuality indeed plays a significant role in the formation of memory and identities of the respondent users, which is manifested in their perceived behavior.
Keywords:
User experience, Discord, Place, Avatarity, Virtual Reality.
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Cross-Species Organ Transplants: Unlocking Solutions for Organ Failure using Porcine Organs
Magagnin de Novaes, Kauana
Abstract:
Allotransplantation of organs has encountered a significant obstacle due to the inherent limitation in the availability of human donor organs. Given the associated morbidity, mortality, high costs, or the unavailability of supportive treatments, xenotransplantation emerges as a potential solution to tackle the severe scarcity of organ grafts. Over the last decade, research endeavours have concentrated on developing donor organs from pigs through the precise editing of various genes using genome editing technologies. However ethical and functional issues remain, some are broad issues that accompany the adoption of novel and expensive technologies, and some are unique to xenotransplantation. In this paper is possible to have an overview of the cross-species organ transplants and its advantages and challenges.
Keywords:
Xenotransplantation, Porcine, Genetic engineering, Organ rejection, ethics.
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Working from Home: Who Stands to Profit from Telecommuting?
Mancini Ramos, Felipe
Abstract:
Does having employees who work from home impact a company’s profit? This paper discusses telework, addresses how adopting this work model affects profits both directly and indirectly, considering topics such as productivity, utility costs, leases, absenteeism and presenteeism. It reports how a company can interact more efficiently with Working from Home (WfH) and on the benefits it reaps outside of the bottom line considering previous studies on the topic. It then concludes that WfH does have a significant impact on profit, and that when executed expertly, this impact can be overwhelmingly positive.
Keywords:
WfH, telecommuting, profit, remote work.
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“Be a Man”: A Psychological Exploration of 'Corrective' Homophobia Violence in Youth
Marco dos Reis, Abhner
Abstract:
This article presents a comprehensive literature review on intrafamily violence perpetrated under the pretext of “correcting” behaviors considered homoaffectionate, mainly based on the absence of conformity with gender stereotypes, in children and adolescents. The Global status report on preventing violence against children, published in 2020, highlights that approximately 300 million children – accounting for nearly three-quarters of children aged 2 to 4 years – regularly face physical punishment and/or psychological violence inflicted by their parents and caregivers. Alongside the complex and multifaceted nature of the problem of homophobia, which lacks comprehensive public measures to address all the needs of the LGBTQ+ community, there is a growing concern about violence specifically targeted at children and adolescents. This form of violence has the potential to profoundly affect the biopsychosocial development of these individuals throughout their lives. At the time this research was conducted, with limitations in terms of time and resources, there still existed a significant gap in data collection capable of accurately quantifying intrafamily homophobia crimes, especially when directed at children and adolescents. In order to create a safe environment, much needs to be done to provide children and adolescents with the structure to grow up in a home that fosters their full development, preserving their physical and moral integrity regardless of any factor, including homophobia. This article emphasizes the urgency of addressing intrafamily violence motivated by homophobia, particularly when it involves children and adolescents, inviting heads of state, organizations, institutions, and society as a whole to mobilize efforts to combat intrafamily violence under the pretext of correcting manifestations of sexuality and gender. It is essential that society and policymakers take concrete measures to protect LGBTQ+ youth from abuse and discrimination, ensuring that they can grow up in an environment that respects their identity and sexual orientation.
Keywords:
LGBTQ+ Youth, Homophobia, Child and Adolescent, Domestic Violence, Mental Health.
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Quantum Computation: A Brief Introduction
Martinello de Oliveira, João Lucas
Abstract:
This article seeks to explain the basic concepts of Quantum Computation. While classical computers rely on binary information transmitted through digital electrical signals and is processed through boolean logic, quantum computers represent information as qubits, which can exist in a linear combination of states, and follows the rules of quantum mechanics. They can be physically implemented as polarized photons, superconducting circuits and more. The article explores quantum logic gates, the challenge of quantum decoherence and how quantum error correction tries to mitigate it. Furthermore, computational complexity theory is introduced as a way of understanding the limitations of classical and quantum computers and their differences. Even though the type of computable problems are the same for quantum and classical, quantum computers have some advantages in efficiency for certain types of problems, such as simulation of quantum systems, since the computations themselves are made in quantum systems, factorization of prime integers and unstructured search.
Keywords:
Quantum computing, quantum logic, quantum information, computational complexity theory.
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“Gender Ideology”. The Political Impact of Religion in Brazil and the Path to Overcome It
Medeiros Peretti, Eduardo
Abstract:
The primary objective of this article is to present international readers with some reflections on the Brazilian debate surrounding the term known as “gender ideology.” These reflections emerge from dialogues between a master’s student and his advisor, seeking to unveil whether the mentioned term has a scientific basis or is fallacious. The term in question carries various elements that deny human diversity, creating conservative arguments that challenge the foundations of sexual rights as an inseparable part of human rights. Despite being frequent in the discourse of conservative figures, the said term can assume various meanings depending on the interlocutor, necessitating a thorough exploration of the productions around the subject. The theoretical framework used in this article arises from a systematic search already conducted to develop some of the presented reflections. Initially, we provide a brief historical overview of the term “gender ideology,” its arrival in Latin America, and its presence in the Brazilian political landscape. We draw on scientific productions and Brazilian educational legislative documents to demonstrate the impact that the term has on Brazilian public policies, resulting in the erasure of the category of sexuality and the term “gender” in various federal, state, and municipal documents. It has become evident that this term is intentionally amorphous, adapting its meaning to serve the goals of those who employ it. It serves as a rallying point to oppose progressive movements and policies, especially in the field of sexual rights and, within them, gender issues. Finally, we position Dialectical Historical Materialism as an epistemological framework capable of fostering change and offering possible avenues to combat negationist political tools stemming from this so-called “gender ideology.”
Keywords:
“Gender Ideology”, Education, Brazilian Politics, Historical Dialectical Materialism; Sexual Rights as Human Rights.
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The Indefinition Of EU-Mercosur Trade Agreement and Its Impact on Brazilian’s Meat Exportation
Mello, Carolina
Abstract:
The purpose of this study is to comprehensively assess the status and potential impact of the EU-Mercosur Trade Agreement’s indefiniteness on Brazilian meat exports, with a particular focus on its implications for sustainable development and global trade dynamics. To achieve this objective, a multi-faceted approach was adopted, incorporating a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods.Understanding the implications of this trade agreement is not only relevant to trade analysts and policymakers but also to environmentalists, public health advocates, and consumers worldwide. This research seeks to shed light on a critical aspect of international trade that has far-reaching consequences for sustainable development, economic stability, and the global fight against climate change.
Keywords:
Beef exportation, Mercosur, European Union, Economy.
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Global Inequalities: Rethinking Environmental Agreements for a Sustainable World
Menegasso Rossi, Juliana
Abstract:
Environmental issues have gained prominence in the international system, as the planet demands changes in the production and consumption model, with less polluting industries and more sustainable policies. Historically, these production models have been implemented by the Global North, and this exhaustion is mainly due to the high consumption of rich Western countries, which are now imposing sustainable policies on the countries of the Global South. These countries did not have the opportunity to enrich themselves through the production and consumption model, as this would have required more natural resources. In this way, this article aims to understand, through decolonial theory and Ecopolitics, how the Eurocentric model affects international treaties, with a focus on the European Union’s treaty with Mercosur.
Keywords:
South Global, Sustainable Agreements, Global Inequalities, North Global, Decolonial Theory.
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Difficulties and Opportunities for Implementing Automation inside Industry
Menegazzo Ferreyra, Luiz Fernando
Abstract:
Automation inside industry is greatly related with Industry 4.0 innovations, bringing productivity gains for companies implementing it. However, it is important for the factories to analyse the variables of the cost-benefit ratio associated with its application, guaranteeing not only that the beneficial results will surpass the disadvantages of automation, but also the knowledge of these challenges and its effects on the operation. In that way, the main benefits and difficulties of automation were discovered by the analysis of scientific articles depicting industrial sectors during implementation of new methods and technologies related to automation. Moreover, the disadvantages for implementing automation were evaluated, being the most frequently appearing addressed with opportunities, which were the join of solutions observed in just one industry sector with wider scientific suggestions for improvement. As a result, there were discovered possibilities for overcoming the main challenges of automation inside industry, with its negative consequences reduced or surpassed. Taken together, the found of both opportunities and difficulties assisted industrial demands of improving operation productivity, allowing companies to have a better comprehension of the effects of automation. Additionally, addressing issues related to automation provoked a change in the cost-benefit ratio, making it more attractive for factories to implement automation and, consequently, contributing to the enhancement of industrial production.
Keywords:
Industry 4.0, Automation, Manufacturing, Industrial Engineering, Smart Factory.
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The Impact of Social Media on the Onset of Anxiety in Children and Adolescents: A Literature Review
Mondin Montanha, Anna Luiza
Abstract:
Social media has become an integral part of modern life, offering a wide range of communication and social interaction opportunities. Digital platforms, with their significant growth and development, have reshaped the current landscape by expanding access to information and transforming social connections and interactions. However, while they provide benefits, they can also have negative consequences for mental health, particularly concerning the development of anxiety disorders. Mental disorders, such as anxiety and depression, affect the lives of millions of people worldwide, manifesting in diverse and impactful ways. Nevertheless, a question arises in the face of this landscape: why has the current generation been so affected by these conditions? What are the stressors contributing to the exponential growth of anxiety and depression disorders in children and adolescents? Why have these afflictions been labelled as the “ailments of the century”? In this context, we aim to understand how social media has become an influential factor in mental health, especially regarding anxiety disorders. We will meticulously examine studies investigating the effects of excessive use of these digital tools, exploring how this phenomenon correlates with the rise in anxiety within the specific target audience.
Keywords:
Social media, internet, social networks, anxiety, mental health, children, adolescents.
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Dynamics of Urban Mutations in the Metropolitan Region of Campinas: Impacts on Suburban Areas
Machado Almeida, Jucielly
Abstract:
Urban change in modern cities, particularly in large urban centers, is a complex process influenced by demographic shifts, occupational dynamics, and spatial interactions. Unfortunately, these changes often result in spatial segregation and prioritize privatization, as seen in the proliferation of shopping malls and gated communities. This study focuses on the metropolitan area of Campinas, a significant economic hub in São Paulo, and its impact on the surrounding urban areas. We examine the impact of these changes on the surrounding suburban areas, with a particular focus on the region’s road network and its role in urban development. Furthermore, we investigate the connections between the central urban core and its peripheral extensions. Through an analysis of the dynamics of urban expansion, spatial integration, and fragmentation, we provide insights into the changing urban landscape and its socio-economic implications. Our research aims to inform policy decisions and promote sustainable urban development strategies.
Keywords:
Highways, Suburban Spaces, Urban Mutation, Spatial Segregation, Peri-Urban Space
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Application of Linear Algebra in Multiple Linear Regression
Marques Martins, Thiago
Abstract:
It is often common for scientists to come across a huge set of data with many variables after conducting a certain experiment and their objective is to analyse and conclude afterwards. However, these results are many times nonlinear, and a definitive answer is not always straightforward. The goal of this study was to discuss the application of Linear Algebra in Multiple Linear Regression models, thus problems like this mentioned in the beginning can be solved in a much faster way using matrices and their operations. Additionally, the knowledge of computer programming can also be of great advantage, for some programming languages, such as Python, already have most of the methods implemented, therefore making the entire process much faster. Based on that, a set of data was extracted and, using both techniques described, it was possible to combine them and build a model in which our data fitted the dotted line perfectly. This indicates an excellent model and shows us that Linear Algebra can be an extremely useful tool when it comes to building a good linear model, applying our prior knowledge of mathematics plus coding, hence, obtaining our result.
Keywords:
Linear Algebra, Multiple Linear Regression, Least Square Estimators, Python, matrices, residuals, predictions, Coefficient of Determination.
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Posthumous Child. Post-Mortem Reproduction in the Brazilian Law
Martins Amorim, Fernanda
Abstract:
This article looked at the feasibility of carrying out post-mortem reproduction based on the provisions of the Brazilian legal system, as well as its bioethical implications. Because of the lack of specific regulation by law, we sought to analyze how the same problem is regulated in the Portuguese legal system, given the historical proximity between those legal orders, in an attempt to improve Brazilian Law. The methodology used consisted of a review of the legal literature in the research databases “Periódicos Capes”, Directory of Open Access Journals, and the Open Access Scientific Repository in Portugal, using keywords and boolean operators. In addition, a document review was carried out in the case law repository of the Superior Court of Justice, using keywords and boolean operators. It emerged that the most controversial points on the subject concern the consent of the deceased spouse, the attribution of filiation, and inheritance rights. In the Brazilian case, the Superior Court of Justice, observing the infra-legal provisions on post-mortem reproduction, has decided that the consent required must be documented, in a testament or similar document, and that consent in a contract for the provision of medically assisted reproduction is not sufficient. The conclusion is that the issue still requires legislative improvements in the search for legal certainty and harmonization of legal and infra-legal provisions with the constitutional text of each country.
Keywords:
Bioethics, comparative legislation, post-mortem reproduction, Brazil, Portugal.
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The Impact of Milei's Election: Perspectives on Mercosur and the Automotive Sector
Martins de Macedo, Luiza
Abstract:
In the 1980s, the rise of neoliberalism alongside the establishment of a new economic scenario, compounded by the Debt Crisis (1982), created challenges not only for Latin American countries but also for much of the globe. The Treaty of Asunción was signed in March 1991, initiating the Mercosur economic bloc, representing a milestone in Latin American integration history. This is because it made the insertion of its members, Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, and Paraguay, more competitive in the international system and served to alleviate historical tensions between Brazil and Argentina. Through historical research, I found that the first significant rapprochement between the two countries occurred through the resolution of disputes over the use of water resources in the La Plata Basin. Currently, Brazil and Argentina are the two largest powers in Latin America and form the main bilateral axis of economic and political forces within Mercosur, with their relationship being decisive for the progress of regional integration. In this article, I investigate how the emergence of Javier Milei in the Argentine presidency could impact the future of Mercosur and commercial relations with Brazil. The current Argentine president represents the crisis of liberal democracies, promoting attacks on democratic institutions and
conflicting with Lula’s politics. Upon observing the commercial relations between the two countries, it became evident that economic complementarity is most pronounced in the automotive sector. This explains the methodological choice to focus on the economic impacts within this sector. The hypothesis was that with Milei in power, Mercosur may weaken as it opens internationally, which could also be detrimental to the automotive industry given the economic complementarity between Argentina and Brazil, amidst Argentina’s deep economic crisis and the predominance of commercial relations with China.
Keywords:
Argentina, Brazil, Mercosur, Milei, Automotive Sector.
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Unraveling Contemporary Artistic Metaphors of the Black Hole
Martins Fleury, Letícia Maria
Abstract:
This paper explores the profound symbolism of the black hole in contemporary art, examining its evolution as a cultural icon imbued with rich historical significance. Beyond its 2019 image capture, the black hole has long served as a potent symbol, contrasting the ethereal brilliance of stars with its ominous darkness, often embodying the monstrous Other in the cosmos. Delving into the depths of contemporary artistic expression, this research investigates the black hole as a metaphor for the unknown and humanity’s struggle to deal with the incomprehensible. Depicted as a symbol of darkness, chaos, and the unfathomable, it reflects human fears and uncertainties, symbolizing the collapse of traditional systems, including religious ones, and occupying the void left by the absence of the divine and of hope. Overall, the black hole breaks down systems, embodying incomprehensible disorder. Art becomes vital for navigating this unknown, transforming trauma into speech through imagination. This study encourages continued exploration of the metaphors associated with black holes in contemporary representation, acknowledging their crucial role in artistic and interdisciplinary dialogues and the multitude of valuable understanding of the cosmos and, ultimately, of the human that it provides.
Keywords:
Contemporary art, black hole, abyss, black sun, abject.
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Nonconventional food plants as the source of nutrition and secondary metabolites for diseases treatment
Martins Qualhano, Laura
Abstract:
Over the years, new generations have become more concerned about their lifestyle, trying to have a healthier routine through diet and physical exercise. Most plants can produce various secondary metabolites, compounds with wide spectra of effects within the plants including the defence. Many of these plant-based molecules can also beneficially affect human health and they are used in different forms for treatment of illnesses. Unconventional food plants are, for the most part, considered invasive in several regions. However, these plants are rich in nutrients and secondary metabolites, and their use is passed down from generation to generation in the states, where they are traditionally used. For this review, four different plants were researched, namely ora-pro-nobis (Pereskia aculeata Mill), milkweed (Emilia sonchifolia L.), purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) and purple endive (Lactuca canadensis L.) and the presence of secondary metabolites in their parts can help maintain health and treat the more important recurring diseases (cardiovascular, metabolical and respiratory diseases and cancer) in the population. With this bibliographic review, we concluded that these four plants are excellent options for the treatment of various illnesses, in addition to all having antioxidant power. This study shows that they are good food options for the general population, especially those who live in situations of food insecurity or risk and those people in situations of malnutrition.
Keywords:
Secondary metabolites, Nonconventional plant food, Diseases, Healthy eating.
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Migration control in Europe: Frontex’s debriefings through a human rights perspective
Masi Nehrer, Luiza
Abstract:
The management of migration is of great relevance to the European Union and its agencies since the conception of the European common area, particularly in order to contain “irregular” migration. In this sense, the EU created, in 2004, an organization specialized in the control of its external borders, the European Border and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex). Considering this context, this research aims at examining Frontex’s role, EU’s guard and militarized arm in the control of migration, during its activities of “protection” of EUrope’s external borders and how they may violate common rules of human rights. Firstly, it assessed Frontex’s preference in collecting and analyzing data, as intelligence is seen as the “brain” of the Agency. As a result, it is evidenced that the constant surveillance of EU’s external borders and the assigning of risky areas are essential to Frontex’s functioning. In addition, Frontex’s debriefings are analyzed as, possibly, a mechanism of violation of fundamental rights, shedding light on an unexplored topic within the academic community. The chosen methodology was literature review of both academic writings and of official documents from the European Union and Frontex. The results of the investigation point out that Frontex incorporates in its routine the disregard for human rights of people in transit and that the debriefings may contributed to these daily violations.
Keywords:
Migration, Frontex, human rights, immigration control.
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Human Senataxin Disfunction in Neurological Disorders and R-loops Resolution: an Overview
Mesquita Cardoso, Lucas
Abstract:
Human senataxin (SETX) is a Helicase DNA-RNA protein located in the cell nucleus, which regulates transcription, promotes the solution of R-loops and stress granules, as well as acts in the neuroprotection. Missense mutations in the SETX gene can result in both loss and gain of function, activating cell death pathways, leading to neurodegeneration associated with Ataxia with Oculomotor Apraxia type 2 (AOA2) or Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis type 4 (ASL4). ASL4 is an autosomal dominant neuropathy characterized by the selective loss of motor
neurons in the spinal cord, brainstem, and cerebral cortex, leading to hyperreflexia and muscle atrophy. AOA2 has a recessive inheritance and is manifested by cerebellar ataxia, cerebellar atrophy, axonal sensorimotor neuropathy, and oculomotor apraxia. The pathogeneses of the two neuropathies are still not elucidated, but could be associated with an impairment in its Rloops resolution role caused by mutations.
Keywords:
Senataxin, Ataxia with Oculomotor Apraxia, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, R-loop.
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Gene Flow dynamics between cultivated crops and wild plants - a review
Mesquita Machado, Filipi
Abstract:
Modern agriculture is related to genetically improved crops, but this progress faces a
challenge: the gene flow. This phenomenon allows genes, like herbicide resistance, to transfer
from GM crops to wild relatives via pollen or seeds. This review analyzes the impact of gene flow
on biosafety in agriculture.The study used bibliographic research, analyzing scientific
publications to understand the mechanisms and consequences of gene flow. Results show
significant economic losses due to the emergence of resistant weeds, as it occurs with wild rice,
a major weed in brazilian rice crops.. Gene flow has transferred herbicide resistance from the
GM crop to the wild relative, creating a harder-to-control weed and reducing rice grain value.
Similar cases involving corn, radish, sorghum, and cassava have also been documented. The
study emphasizes the importance of studying gene flow patterns to minimize its negative
effects. Potential strategies include physical barriers between crops and wild relatives, planting
crops at different times to avoid pollen exchange, and utilizing diverse non-GM crop varieties to
reduce selection pressure for resistance. Additionally, monitoring weed populations and
employing integrated pest management are crucial for long-term sustainability. In conclusion,
gene flow poses a significant threat to the effectiveness of GM crops and agricultural practices.
Further research is needed to refine mitigation strategies and ensure the long-term viability of
this technology in modern agriculture.
Keywords:
Gene flow, weed, herbicide resistance.
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Immunometabolism: Unveiling the Multifaceted Role During Efferocytosis
Messalle Ribeiro, Diego
Abstract:
Chemotherapy and radiotherapy stand out as first-line therapeutic approaches for the treatment of different types of tumors. However, these antitumor therapies lead to an accumulation of apoptotic cells within the tumor microenvironment. The removal of apoptotic bodies in homeostatic situations and sterile inflammation is primarily performed by macrophages and Dendritic Cells (DCs), leading to the production of anti-inflammatory mediators and activation of Treg cells. Recent therapeutic approaches propose inhibition of efferocytosis as a promising alternative for tumor treatment. However, systemic blockade of efferocytosis may impact the clearance of dead cells in various tissues, favoring the release of DAMPs and the development of autoimmunities. Understanding the activation of metabolic pathways during the phagocytosis of apoptotic tumor cells could assist in reprogramming DCs towards an immunogenic profile, favoring the activation of antitumor response mediated by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. This article reviews the interplay between tumor microenvironment, immunometabolism, and efferocytosis. Tumors exhibit rapid metabolic reprogramming, adapting to a hostile environment while evading immune surveillance. Metabolic plasticity allows tumors to redirect pathways and utilize by-products to support proliferation. The tumor microenvironment fosters immunosuppression, inhibiting immune cell functions and promoting an anti-inflammatory state. Efferocytosis, the clearance of apoptotic cells, induces metabolic alterations in phagocytes, influencing their activation. While apoptotic tumor cells promote a tolerogenic phenotype in phagocytes, inhibiting antitumor responses, blocking efferocytosis systemically presents challenges due to its physiological role in tissue homeostasis. Understanding the metabolic pathways activated during efferocytosis of apoptotic tumor cells represents a promising therapeutic approach. Reprogramming immune cells, such as DCs, towards an immunogenic state could enhance antitumor responses without compromising the clearance of non-tumor cells. This nuanced approach may offer novel strategies in cancer therapy, targeting immunometabolic pathways to bolster antitumor immunity while maintaining tissue homeostasis.
Keywords:
Immunometabolism, tumor microenvironment, dendritic cells, phenotype.
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The academic interest around the Free Prior and Informed Consent for indigenous people in Brazil
Miranda dos Reis, Ana Carolina
Abstract:
Due to the intensification of the global climate changes, this research aims to weave a panorama about the main laws and issues involving the Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC), based on current academic publications, and in defense of the ways of life of indigenous peoples and traditional communities in Brazil. For the discussion of the topic in question, the methodology used was a literature review followed by theoretical reflection, from which it was observed how academic interest in the country has addressed the debate about the ILO Convention 169 and socio-environmental conflicts between indigenous people and mega-commodity enterprises, aimed at the developmentalist ideology. As a result of the research, there has been noted a growth in academic publications on the subject since 2018, whose interdisciplinary debate is of utmost importance for overcoming obstacles to, for
example, the recognition of the binding nature of the law, which guarantees indigenous peoples and traditional peoples the right to self-affirm their identity, their priorities, and their relationship with their own territory and with nature.
Keywords:
Free Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC), indigenous people, Brasil, ILO Convention 169, socio-environmental conflict.
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Machine Learning Forensics: Unveiling Vulnerabilities and Defense Strategies
Monteiro Ferracioli, Gabriel
Abstract:
Machine Learning (ML), a subset of Artificial Intelligence (AI), is one of the main drivers of current technology, having a great capacity for innovation, in addition to being very flexible, being applied to a wide variety of topics. This great power associated with modern ML systems means that great expectations are associated with it, generating a distance from the problems related to such technology, such as its vulnerability, present in all stages of development. This vulnerability can generate major threats for products in which AI is used, which can escalate into gigantic problems, both economic and social, showing the importance of using defense methods against such attacks on Machine Learning models. Therefore, this study carries out a review of the literature on this subject, emphasizing the main attacks related to contemporary ML systems, in addition to the most relevant defenses against such attacks. The problems generated by this weakness are also discussed, showing the need for this issue to be further debated and studied, in order to mitigate such debility.
Keywords:
Machine Learning, Artificial Intelligence, vulnerabilities, Cybersecurity, forensics.
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The Efficacy and Geopolitics of Foreign Aid: The Critical-Liberal Debate in Perspective
Moracchioli Philadelphi, Mauro
Abstract:
The Foreign Aid, a subject inherent to International Political Economy, lies at the heart of intense and long- standing academic debates. Both the economic effects of Foreign Aid on the recipient country and the geopolitical interests of the donor country are objects of study in these highly contested discussions. By mapping some of the academic production in the fields of Economics and International Politics, this paper seeks to understand the gradual shift in narratives that has permeated recent decades. The once dominant perception of Foreign Aid as a
tool for development detached from political interests is now nearly extinct. In its place, analyses have emerged that emphasize domestic developmental efforts and criticize the existence of strong donor-recipient relationships.
Keywords:
Foreign Aid, Economic Development, Aid Effectiveness, Political Interests.
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Indications for Surgical Treatment of Tibial Fractures in Children
Mantovani Freitas, Isadora
Abstract:
Tibial fractures are among the most common orthopedic injuries in children and adolescents, often resulting from falls, sports, and other traumas, and they pose significant challenges for healthcare providers due to their potential long-term impacts on growth and development. Effective treatment is crucial to ensure proper healing and prevent complications like deformity and chronic pain. Despite substantial literature on adult fracture treatment, surgical approaches for pediatrics lack standardization, with methods such as elastic stable intramedullary nailing (ESIN) and open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) varying based on factors like fracture type and surgeon expertise. An integrative review of seven studies highlights the frequent recommendation for surgical intervention, showing that ESIN offers high union rates and low complication risks, particularly for unstable fractures. Comparative analyses indicate that both open reduction and circular external fixation yield similar functional outcomes for tibial plateau fractures, promoting the need for personalized treatment plans. In addition, evolving trends in surgical management have sparked discussions on adapting strategies to meet the unique characteristics of younger patients. Notably, the review identifies gaps in research, such as small sample sizes and variable methodologies, emphasizing the necessity for high-quality controlled studies that examine long-term outcomes and refine clinical guidelines. Ultimately, the synthesis underscores the importance of evidence-based surgical practices to optimize recovery and inform future research directions in pediatric orthopedic care, aiming to enhance functional outcomes for young patients with tibial fractures.
Keywords:
Tibial Fractures, Fracture Fixation, internal, Child.
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Intelligent Schools: A Solution to Education Stagnation?
Marques de Almeida Rodrigues, Vinicius
Abstract:
Throughout the last decades, the education sector across the world demonstrated stable results, even with large incentives and investments, the Intelligent School concept is an innovative education model that brings the most promising ideas as a way to modernize education and disrupt such stability, through ingenious additions in architecture, interior design, education methods, education system, education technology and education policies, including both extant and new ideas. Some education institutions and ministries around the globe already display innovative practices, however, none attempted to apply innovation at all levels and on a larger scale, therefore, the Intelligent School concept is also a way of promoting such institutions and incentivizing innovation at such gaps. As a combination of sustainability, technology and inclusion, such a concept is a way to reinvent education and decrease the education sector neglect.
Keywords:
Education, Technology, Sustainability, Innovation, Education Technologies, Education Policies, Creativity.
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Effects of Normative Nº05 2021/CGU on Audit Reports of Brazilian Federal Universities
Martins de Amorim, Iracy
Abstract:
Brazilian federal universities play a significant role in education and scientific development, managing large volumes of public resources. Internal audits are essential to ensure compliance and promote transparency in the use of these resources. Since 2021, with the issuance of Instruction Normative N. 05/2021 by the Office of the Comptroller General (CGU), internal audits must disclose reports on financial accountability. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of this regulation on the internal audit reports of federal universities. Using a qualitative and descriptive approach, a document analysis of 52 universities was conducted, excluding 17 that did not disclose their audit reports. The analysis focused on the compliance of the reports with the guidelines set out by IN N. 05/2021, with an emphasis on the disclosure of a compliance chart with legal norms. This study contributes both theoretically, by expanding the understanding of the impact of internal control regulations, and practically, by providing insights for managers and auditors on the effective implementation of IN N. 05/2021.
Keywords:
Audit report; Instruction N. 05/2021; Brazilian federal universities; Internal audit.
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Characterization of rock from Serra Geral Group as nutritional supplement for soils
Meinhart, Alice Helena
Abstract:
The use of rock powder as remineralizers or rocks for crops is an alternative source of nutrients to conventional fertilizers, can be used in organic farming and reduces the risk of aquifer contamination. In addition to reusing mining by-products, rock powder can act in soil rejuvenation, carbon sequestration, increasing the population of microorganisms in the soil and reducing the costs of conventional fertilization. This objective research characterized a rock from the Serra Geral Group, in southern Brazil, looking for alternatives for fertilizers and soil conditioners, since rock powders have a slow-release rate of nutrients, which are more absorbed by plants and less leached. From the chemical assessment, it was possible to identify that the rock contains more than 64% SiO2, also containing 2.5% K2O and 4.6% CaO and just 1% MgO. The petrography showed a large amount of volcanic glass, which favours the process of mineral manipulation and availability to the soil. X-ray diffraction shows andesine and augite, potential minerals to release magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca) and silicon (Si), and clay mineral from the vermiculite group, in addition to a pronounced amorphous halo, highlighting the amorphous content of the sample. Based on the characterization performed, it is believed that the rock can be used to nourish soils, providing mainly SiO2, in addition to K2O and CaO. In addition, due to the volcanic glass, there is a great tendency for devitrification when in contact with the soil, facilitating the release of nutrients.
Keywords:
Rock powder, soils, minerals, nutrients, stones for crops.
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The Importance of Deliberation for Happiness in Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics
Monteiro, Elisabete
Abstract:
Recent approaches to the study of happiness often base their research on Aristotle’s ethics, particularly his Nicomachean Ethics, a seminal work on the concept of the highest good, or happiness, which remains central to contemporary society. Many investigations emphasize living a virtuous life by following the principle of the Golden Mean. This research focuses on Aristotle’s concept of deliberation, examining its significance in achieving a happy life. We explored the definitions and interpretations of Aristotle’s two types of virtues—moral and intellectual—through recent scholarship to better categorize and define deliberation. Our findings suggest that deliberation precedes the actions required to live in accordance with virtue, indicating its central role in attaining happiness. Further psychological and philosophical research, building on this conclusion, could confirm the importance of deliberation and contribute to broader studies in the field.
Keywords:
Deliberation, Choice, Virtue, Happiness, Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics.
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N
Urban Heat Island: A Statistical Perspective Using Machine Learning for Florianópolis, Brazil
Nehara Moreira, Rodrigo
Abstract:
Surface Urban Heat Island (SUHI) is a phenomenon of urban areas being significantly warmer than their surrounding rural areas due to the built environment and human activities. Local Climate Zones (LCZs) are a recent classification scheme that partitions urban areas into zones based on their physical and functional characteristics, providing more nuanced information about urban environments than traditional land use categories. Machine learning (ML) and remote sensing (RM) techniques have been applied to analyze and model SUHI across LCZs, leveraging large volumes of spatial data such as remote sensing imagery and weather station observations. ML models have shown promising results in predicting SUHI intensities, identifying key LCZ features associated with SUHI, and estimating important variables for a better understanding of the climatic conditions in a given region. These findings can inform urban planning and design strategies aimed at mitigating SUHI effects and promoting sustainable urban environments.
Keywords:
Surface urban heat island, machine learning, local climate zones, Landsat 8.
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Serial Killer Psychological Profiling in Brazil and Czechia: Legal and International Implications
Nogueira Medeiros, Raísa
Abstract:
This article explores the use of psychological profiling as a tool for identifying and capturing serial killers in Brazilian and Czech jurisdictions. It highlights the importance of psychological profiling in criminal investigations, particularly in understanding the motivations, behaviours, and characteristics of serial killers. However, the use of psychological profiling raises legal and ethical concerns. The article examines the use of psychological profiling in serial killer cases in Brazil and the Czech Republic, focusing on the legal and international law implications of this technique. While profiling has been used to assist in criminal investigations and trials in both countries, the use of profiling evidence in court can be controversial due to subjectivity and interpretation issues. Additionally, the article notes that international law considerations must be taken into account when using psychological profiling, with the United Nations emphasising the need for scientific rigour, objectivity, and protection of the rights of the accused.
Keywords:
Psychological profiling, Serial killers, Brazil, Czech Republic, International Law.
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Contemporary Approaches to Constituent Power: A Critical Survey
Nochang Heck, Leonardo
Abstract:
This article presents the theoretical foundations of the concept of constituent power in the works of Sieyès and Schmitt and analyses some contemporary approaches to this idea. These are organized in three different strands: one that deploys the concept in order to justify existing constitutional orders; a second one which sees it as relevant for articulating and proposing radical constitutional change; and a third that aims to suppress the concept from constitutional theory altogether, as it sees it as superfluous. The article argues that the first approach is inadequate because, although it employs the concept of constituent power, it lets other ideas (usually consent and acceptance, but sometimes democratic procedures) do the heavy normative work of justifying the constitution. Furthermore, it may obscure the real sources of legitimacy of a constitutional order. It further argues that the third approach has a democratic deficit and faces difficulties when it tries to grapple with the phenomenon of future constitutional change. It, however, contains an important idea, namely, that the legitimacy of a constitution may not depend entirely on the procedures used to adopt it. I argue that the second approach is the most adequate conceptualisation of constituent power as it is able to overcome the problems of the other two and incorporate some of their insights. It helps us to articulate and propose future constitutional change but recognises that the constitution-making process is not all that matters. It may help political actors to critically shape their demands and is also able to deal with the question of the legitimacy of existing constitutions, conceptualising this as parasitic on futureoriented constituent proposals.
Keywords:
Constituent power, legitimacy, popular sovereignty, democracy, rule of law, legality.
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The Future of Natural Origin Hydrogels in Drug Delivery and Wound Dressing Systems
Nunes Jung, Júlia
Abstract:
Hydrogels are colloidal molecules that are made with polymer matrices and swollen by water. With the increasing global interest in more eco-friendly materials and the need to adopt more green chemistry ideals, natural polymers are a topic of interest for research. Hydrogels made with natural polymer are normally used in biomedicine because of their excellent qualities such as biocompatibility, non cytotoxicity and biodegradability, although they present poor mechanical strength as one of the biggest disadvantages. In this paper it is shown some of the most used natural polymers for hydrogel and their uses in medicine. It is also mentioned how they are normally used as hybrid hydrogels, being able to present even better qualities such as higher mechanical strength. Lastly, it is mentioned about how drug delivery and wound dressing systems work and some examples with the use of the natural polymer in their hydrogel matrices are shown. Despite having excellent qualities for use in medicine, outside of the wound dressing area it is hard and unlikely to see the use of only natural origin polymers as a hydrogel matrix, but their use in hybrid hydrogel matrices present a good future, with the increasing studies each year.
Keywords:
Hydrogel, natural origin, drug delivery, wound dressing, biomedicine.
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How to Enhance the Learning of Children with Congenital Zika Virus Syndrome?
Nascimento Leal, Jairla Gabriela
Abstract:
In 2015, in northeastern Brazil, numerous cases of children born with microcephaly emerged. After several studies, the link between microcephaly and contamination by the Zika Virus during pregnancy was proven. The work seeks to highlight the need to enhance the learning of children with Congenital Zika Virus Syndrome .Recognizing this need to improve learning processes for children affected by Congenital Zika Virus Syndrome (CZVS) and questioning how to enhance this learning for children situated within this scenario, the following article has the general objective: seek alternatives to enhance children’s learning affected by CZVS. This objective will be achieved through the characterization of the syndrome and its impacts on health and learning, so that there is a better understanding of its effects not only in the physical scope, but also recognizing its implications for cognitive development. The production of this research is justified by the need to understand the learning processes that are carried out by these children within their limitations and thus develop means that meet their demands and can enhance these processes, so that they are assisted and welcomed taking into account consideration of the context of their realities arising from the CZVS. It was concluded that the neural differences caused by CZVS should not be a limiting factor for professionals who will guide the learning process of microcephalic children.
Keywords:
Microcephaly, Congenital Zika Virus Syndrome, learning.
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Sintered Brass Chip Micro-porosity and Mass loss Analysis for Industrial Filters
Nascimento Mendes, Lucas
Abstract:
Product development in the metal industry generates a huge quantity of solid waste by the year, this waste is recycled by using different methods, being chemical or melting. The biggest challenge for the industry is finding ways to utilize this material with the least utilization of energy possible. As such using the chips generated by mechanical metal processes as dust for metallurgy is an option, giving the material a new purpose without melting. The dust metallurgy consists in using the material in a particulate state and applying different pressure for the wished material. The experiment consist in utilizing brass chips (70Cu-30Zn) as a substitute for the dust metallurgy process. After selection of the material in two different granularity (# -25 and # -14/+25) the brass chips were compacted in three different pressures (100 MPa, 150 MPa and 200 MPa) and sintered in an oven at 800 ºC with 2×10-2 mbar. After the dust metallurgy processes were applied to the analyzed material. The final product showed that it is possible to develop sintered filters through dust metallurgy processes by using brass chips, being a viable alternative to industrial processes that involve less mechanical strength. The final results show different amounts of mass and therefore density loss in the sintering process.
Keywords:
Microporosity, Micrography, Qualitative analysis, Porosity, Sintered material.
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Should Helicobacter Pylori Be Eradicated in Cirrhotic Patients with Peptic Ulcer Disease?
Nascimento Silva Barros de Oliveira, Matheus
Abstract:
Helicobacter pylori is known for being the main cause of Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD), knowing that a large percentage of cirrhotic patients develops PUD and that cirrhotic patients have shown to have a higher risk of H. pylori infection. Consequently, studies were made to contemplate if there was a relation between H. pylori infection in cirrhotic patients with the occurrence of PUD, meaning to find if the bacteria eradication could diminish or terminate the development of PUD in cirrhotic patients. Therefore, this narrative review aims to critically evaluate pre-existing studies on the topic, using a search database with no time restriction based on articles on PubMed, resulting in the inclusion of 10 relevant studies. The present narrative review acknowledges a consistent pattern of little to no relation of H. pylori infection being a cause for PUD in cirrhotic patients, believing an “ulcerogenic factor” in cirrhosis to be the cause. Studies which stated a positive weak correlation declared to have research limitations. However, some studies were still in favor of implementing H. pylori eradication treatment, even if proclaiming no direct relation, stating that the infection could be a cause for PUD complications. While further research is needed to elucidate the cause of PUD in cirrhotic patients and how beneficial H. pylori eradication treatment is for those patients, the existing evidence suggest that the therapy might not be that advantageous, with not enough evidence to prescribe nor reject the treatment.
Keywords:
Helicobacter pylori, Liver cirrhosis, Peptic Ulcer Disease, treatment, eradication.
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Technological Cooperation, Patent, and Covid-19: A Scoping Review
Naves Arantes, Camila
Abstract:
The Covid-19 pandemic demanded a rapid response from researchers, leading to the establishment of new forms of collaboration aimed at patents and technologies. Thus, with the objective of synthesizing and analyzing the existing literature correlating technological cooperation, patents, and Covid-19, a systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA protocol, aided by the Rayyan and Atlas.ti software for article synthesis and selection. The analysis allowed for the conclusion that various forms of cooperation were established to achieve Covid-19-related innovations. It is also possible to identify shortcomings and areas for improvement in collaborations to enhance and facilitate the attainment of innovations. This article contributes by providing a systematic review of a topic of utmost international relevance (Covid-19) and by shedding light on the field of study related to technological cooperation and patents.”
Keywords:
Scope Review. Covid-19. Collaboration. Patent. Intellectual Property.
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Translation and Cross-Cultural Adaptation: Questionnaires for Siblings of People with Trisomy 21
Nóbrega de Almeida, Caroline
Abstract:
Trisomy 21 (T21), also known as Down syndrome (DS), is the most frequently diagnosed chromosomal abnormality. One of the main characteristics of people with T21 is intellectual deficit, accompanied by a global delay in development, including the areas of movement and language. When a child with a disability is born, such as T21, family relationships are impacted and there is a need to redefine roles and change the lifestyle of the family. The sibling of a person with a disability can often feel underserved due to the care and attention demands of the most vulnerable child. The objective of this study was to conduct the translation and cross-cultural adaptation of two questionnaires: “Questionnaire for brothers and sisters, from 9 to 11 years old” and “Questionnaire for brothers and sisters, from 12 years old”, to assess the perspectives of siblings of people with T21 in the Brazilian population. Contact was made with the researcher who authored the translated instruments in order to request permission to prepare the Portuguese/Brazilian version of the instrument for use in this research; once the authorization for the translation of the instrument was obtained, the steps of translation, back-translation and cross-cultural adaptation were followed, obtaining satisfactory content validity indices from the evaluation of a group of judges.
Keywords:
Down Syndrome, siblings, translation, instrument.
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Biological collections and its applications: a narrative review
Neri Tomiate, André
Abstract:
Biological collections are an essential tool for research in life sciences, however, they also can be used for teaching and scientific divulgation. These are usually categorized by subjects such as botanics, zoology, anatomy, microbiology, histopathology, archaeology, and paleontology.
Therefore, this study aimed to do a brief narrative review of the importance and application of biological collections. Usually, biological collections are most known when they are applied most for research, however, it also was present as a teaching tool used for school and college, and for non-formal education places, and in this kind of situation plays a scientific divulgation role. We concluded that the biological collections have a great use for scientific research, teaching tools, and scientific divulgation.
Keywords:
Life sciences, museum, teaching tool.
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Politics as Poetry: The Political Thought of Václav Havel
Nogueira Souza, Alexandre
Abstract:
This paper discusses the political thought of Václav Havel, a playwriter and politician who dedicated his life to restore human values like freedom, autonomy, and truth in Czech society. Havel criticises the totalitarianism, especially the communist regime which sank Czechoslovakia into a quagmire for almost a half of century. From poetry to politics, he demonstrates the concepts of his theories, as well as the practice of these principles in the
political environment. The main contribution of Havelian thought is the sense of civic responsibility to live in truth. The persecution of this objective pass through the reconquest of human identity, that allow the individual emancipation by citizenship. This is the only way to rebuild a moral dimension of political life. Moreover, the approach undertaken is a qualitative research based on bibliography analysis of books and papers about Václav Havel to analyse his acts as writer, dissident, revolutionary and president. Nevertheless, realising the fact that most of the sources is limited to subjects of political science, philosophy, and history, it is endorsed that the way to study this theme relates to the mentioned areas, which requires a systematic investigation about the topic.
Keywords:
Václav Havel, Political Thought, Totalitarianism, Democracy, Czechoslovakia.
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Antoine de Saint-Exupéry’s Influence in Studio Ghibli’s Artistic Expression of Humanism and Peace
Nunes Gonçalves Neto, Aíssa Ivy
Abstract:
This paper observed the interplay of ideals between the literary and cinematographic elements of the books Terre des Hommes (1939) and The Little Prince (1943) with Studio Ghibli film Grave of Fireflies (1988), as well as some aspects of other films from the studio. The study has an interdisciplinary approach involving peace education, cultural exchange and stating the significance of humanistic elements/language in creations, set aside when oriented to younger audiences. The paper also adopts the concept of reception and intermediality from Professor Claus Clüver to entail the connection of the analysed works and their possible impact on society; previous studies on Ghibli films and Saint-Exupéry works are also present. The definition of peace considered in the analysis is the concept made from the perspective of philosopher Masahisa Goi. Expressing that the works of both sources are to be seen as anti-war narratives or in consonance with the peace concept presented, and highlighting the French author Antoine de Saint-Exupéry as a direct influence on director Hayao Miyazaki and Ghibli’s general artistic expression/language and themes due to the similarity of elements considered as humanistic, emphasising their impact and value, contrary to how these works tend to get undervalued in academic environments for being categorised superficially as “ for children”.
Keywords:
Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, Studio Ghibli, Hayao Miyazaki, Humanism, Peace Education, Literature and Cinematography.
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Sponge cities: The solution against rain problems and inundations in Aracaju
Nascimento Coelho, Samara
Abstract:
The concept of sponge cities has emerged as a promising solution to the challenges posed by urban flooding and heavy rainfall. This article examines the application of sponge city principles in Aracaju, which faces unique climatic and urbanization challenges. Despite the growing body of research supporting the benefits of green infrastructure – such as parks, gardens, and permeable surfaces – there remains a lack of strategies tailored to specific urban contexts. The primary objective of this study is to investigate how sponge city strategies can be effectively implemented in Aracaju to enhance its resilience against flooding. Utilizing an experimental approach, this research combines local climate data with successful international case studies to develop practical recommendations that address the city’s needs. This innovative approach not only analyzes existing theories but also emphasizes community engagement in the urban transformation process. By integrating theoretical frameworks with empirical evidence and local participation, this article aims to contribute to academic discourse and practical policy-making. The findings suggest that adopting sponge city practices can lead to improved water management, increased green spaces, and enhanced quality of life for residents. Ultimately, this work seeks to pave the way for sustainable urban development in Aracaju, fostering a harmonious relationship between the city and its natural environment. This study highlights the importance of context-specific solutions in urban planning and underscores the potential of sponge cities as a viable strategy for addressing contemporary environmental challenges. By prioritizing local adaptation and community involvement, Aracaju can serve as a model for other Brazilian cities facing similar issues.
Keywords:
Sponge cities, flooding, rainfall, solution, Aracaju, comparison, case studies, water management.
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa: An Analysis of Carbapenem Resistance in Brazil
Nishi Ribeiro, Fernanda
Abstract:
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a ubiquitous Gram-negative bacterium and a common opportunistic pathogen that causes healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), particularly in immunocompromised patients and those in intensive care units (ICUs). In Brazil, the increase of carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa (CRPA) represents a significant public health concern given the high mortality rates and limited therapeutic options. This review aims to critically analyze current data on CRPA in Brazil, focusing on the mechanisms driving resistance and the resulting clinical implications. An exploratory, analytical-descriptive literature review was conducted, including original scientific articles published from 2010 to 2024 that discuss resistance mechanisms and clinical implications of CRPA infections in Brazilian hospitals and ICUs. Systematic searches were performed in SciELO and PubMed databases using the keywords “Pseudomonas aeruginosa”, “carbapenem resistance”, “antibiotic resistance mechanisms”, and “Brazil”. Eleven articles that comply with the inclusion criteria were analyzed. The incidence of CRPA in Brazilian hospitals is significantly influenced by intrinsic and acquired resistance mechanisms. Among them, is the production of metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) and other mechanisms, such as efflux pump overexpression, mutations in the oprD gene, and AmpC overproduction. The coexistence of multiple resistance mechanisms within individual isolates further restricts therapeutic options. The spread of CRPA is linked to nosocomial factors like prolonged hospital stays, use of invasive devices, and inadequate infection control measures, as well as clonal dissemination within healthcare settings. Inappropriate empirical therapy has been associated with higher mortality rates, underscoring the need for rapid and accurate diagnostic methods. The escalating incidence of CRPA in Brazil, driven by diverse resistance mechanisms and nosocomial factors, poses a significant public health challenge. Thereby, there’s a need for comprehensive measures, including enhanced surveillance, strict infection control practices, rapid diagnostic methods, reassessment of empirical treatment guidelines, and robust antimicrobial stewardship programs. Implementing these strategies is crucial for controlling the spread of CRPA and improving patient outcomes in Brazilian healthcare settings.
Keywords:
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, carbapenem resistance, antibiotic resistance mechanisms, Brazil.