Abstract: 

The construction industry plays a vital role in the country’s economic growth but faces numerous obstacles, including environmental impact. Traditional materials, such as Portland cement, have limited applications in marine construction due to their vulnerability to corrosion attacks in harsh marine environments. Therefore, there is increasing demand for long-lasting, corrosion-resistant materials that can withstand extreme marine environment conditions. Geopolymer materials are a promising alternative as they possess mitigating properties to the shortcomings of conventional building materials and have thus been studied over the years with significant improvements since their discovery in the late 1970s. Geopolymers are inorganic, amorphous, and typically ceramic-like materials formed by the chemical reaction of source materials with alkaline activators. They have lower CO2 emissions during production, require less water, and have superior mechanical properties superior to those of traditional cement-based materials. This literature review aims to investigate durable geopolymer materials that can be used in marine infrastructure works and their advantages over conventional materials.
The methodology involved searching major publication databases and other relevant sources to gather articles related to the topic. The risk of bias was evaluated using the ROBIS tool to ensure the review was comprehensive, systematic, and unbiased. The paper is divided into several sections after the research methodology that discuss the geopolymerization process, the characteristics of alkaline activators used in geopolymer synthesis, the properties of geopolymer materials, and case studies of geopolymer materials used and tested in marine conditions. The paper also discusses the limitations of the studies reviewed and outlines possible solutions. Finally, the review findings are summarized in the conclusion.